Utah Apartment Pest Control Rules, Quoted From the Source
What Utah law, the Salt Lake County Health Department, and HUD actually say about pests in apartments. Every quote on this page is copied from the official text and linked to it. Where a rule is silent on pests, this page says so.
At a glance
- Utah's Fit Premises Act never mentions pests. It requires habitable, safe, and sanitary premises, and compliance with the rules of the local board of health.
- In Salt Lake County, Health Regulation #3 makes the owner or manager “responsible for the control of vermin on the premises”. Its definition of vermin includes cockroaches and bedbugs.
- HUD's NSPIRE standard applies to HUD housing only. For public housing and HUD multifamily, evidence of a pest is a Moderate deficiency with 30 days to correct, and an extensive infestation in a unit is Severe, with 24 hours to correct.
- For the voucher programs (HCV and PBV), HUD says housing authorities may keep using the older inspection standard until February 1, 2027.
1. Utah Fit Premises Act (Utah Code Title 57, Chapter 22)
The Fit Premises Act never mentions pests. No section of Chapter 22, from 57-22-1 through 57-22-7, uses the words pest, insect, rodent, vermin, bed bug, or infestation. The duties it sets are written as habitability, safety, sanitation, and compliance with the local board of health. The sections that carry those duties are quoted below. Section 57-22-4 lists the owner's duties, and 57-22-5 lists the renter's.
The general duty and the board-of-health link: 57-22-3(1)
(1) Each owner and the owner's agent renting or leasing a residential rental unit shall maintain that unit in a condition fit for human habitation and in accordance with local ordinances and the rules of the board of health having jurisdiction in the area in which the residential rental unit is located. Each residential rental unit shall have electrical systems, heating, plumbing, and hot and cold water.
Owner's duties: 57-22-4(1)
To protect the physical health and safety of the ordinary renter, an owner: (a) may not rent the premises unless they are safe, sanitary, and fit for human occupancy; and (b) shall: (i) maintain common areas of the residential rental unit in a sanitary and safe condition; [...] (v) for buildings containing more than two residential rental units, provide and maintain appropriate receptacles for garbage and other waste and arrange for its removal, except to the extent that the renter and owner otherwise agree.
Renter's duties: 57-22-5(1)
Each renter shall: (a) comply with the rules of the board of health having jurisdiction in the area in which the residential rental unit is located which materially affect physical health and safety; (b) maintain the premises occupied in a clean and safe condition and shall not unreasonably burden any common area; (c) dispose of all garbage and other waste in a clean and safe manner; (d) maintain all plumbing fixtures in as sanitary a condition as the fixtures permit; [...]
Corrective periods: 57-22-6
When a renter gives the owner written notice of a deficient condition, the owner has a corrective period to act. The statute sets the periods this way.
"Corrective period" means: (i) for a standard of habitability, three calendar days; and (ii) for a requirement imposed by a rental agreement, 10 calendar days.
"Standard of habitability" means a standard: (i) relating to the condition of a residential rental unit; and (ii) that an owner is required to ensure that the residential rental unit meets as required under Subsection 57-22-3(1) or Subsection 57-22-4(1)(a) or (b)(i), (ii), or (iii).
As used in this Subsection (3), "dangerous condition" means a deficient condition that poses a substantial risk of: (i) imminent loss of life; or (ii) significant physical harm. [...]
An owner shall: (i) within 24 hours after receiving notice under Subsection (3)(b) of a dangerous condition, commence remedial action to correct the dangerous condition; and (ii) diligently pursue remedial action to completion.
A renter is not entitled to a renter remedy if the renter is not in compliance with all requirements under Section 57-22-5.
If the owner does not take substantial action within the corrective period, 57-22-6(4) lists the remedies available to the renter.
Not settled: 57-22-3(1) ties the owner's duty to “the rules of the board of health having jurisdiction”, and 57-22-6(1)(g) makes 57-22-3(1) a standard of habitability. We found no court decision or agency statement on whether a county vermin rule, such as the Salt Lake County rule below, falls within that standard and its three-day corrective period. Ask your attorney before relying on either reading.
2. Salt Lake County Health Regulations #3 and #7
Unlike the state statute, Salt Lake County's health regulations name pests directly. They apply within the Salt Lake County Health Department's jurisdiction. Utah County, Davis County, and other health departments have their own regulations, which this page does not cover.
Regulations adopted by the Salt Lake County Board of Health supersede existing municipal standards, regulations, and ordinances.
Health Regulation #3, Housing
The text quoted here is the posted copy of Health Regulation #3, adopted June 4, 1981 and amended January 4, 2007. It carries the Department's former name, Salt Lake Valley Health Department. Confirm the current version with the Salt Lake County Health Department before relying on it.
Pest Control. An owner or manager of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall be responsible for the control of vermin on the premises.
“Infestation” shall mean the uncontrolled presence of vermin that are harmful or injurious to health.
[...]
“Pest control” shall mean the suppression or eradication of vermin infestations by eliminating their harborage; removing or making inaccessible materials that may serve as their food; or poisoning, spraying, fumigating, trapping; or any other legal pest control methods.
[...]
“Vermin” shall mean rats, mice, cockroaches, bedbugs, mosquitoes or any other pest as determined by the Director to be harmful to the life, health, or welfare of the public.
This regulation applies uniformly to the repair, maintenance, use, and occupancy of all existing buildings, manufactured housing, structures or parts thereof, designed, intended for use, or used for human habitation, irrespective of when or under what laws such buildings, mobile homes, structures, or portions thereof were originally constructed or rehabilitated.
Letting of Unfit Dwelling or Dwelling Unit Unlawful. No owner, manager, or other person shall let to another person, or permit occupancy of any dwelling or dwelling unit unless it complies with this regulation.
[...]
Maintenance of Common Areas. An owner or manager of a building or structure containing two or more dwelling units shall maintain the common areas of the premises in a clean and sanitary manner.
[...]
Prevention of Pests. The owner or manager, of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall not accumulate garbage, refuse, or any materials that may serve as food or harborage for vermin.
Sanitation of Dwelling or Dwelling Unit. Every occupant shall maintain clean and sanitary all parts of the premises they occupy. This includes the proper disposal of garbage, refuse, fecal matter, or other nuisance conditions that adversely affect public health.
[...]
Occupant to Allow Access. Every occupant shall allow the owner or manager access to the dwelling unit at reasonable times upon proper notification of the intent to make repairs or abate violations of this regulation.
Any dwelling or dwelling unit which is so damaged, decayed, dilapidated, unsanitary, unsafe, or vermin infested that it creates or may create a hazard to the health or safety of the occupants or of the public may be [...] deemed unfit for human habitation, closed to occupancy, and posted with a placard by the Director.
The regulation does not set a fixed number of days to fix a violation. A notice of violation must:
Set a reasonable time for the performance of any required remedial action(s);
Health Regulation #7, General Sanitation
The General Sanitation Regulation was adopted September 7, 1989 and amended March 1, 2007. It adds flies to the definition of vermin, and it lets the Director require professional pest control.
Department May Require Professional Pest Control. The Director may require that a landlord or tenant obtain professional pest control if the Director determines a professional is required because of the extent or complexity of infestation, lack of knowledge of control procedures, or other justifiable reason.
All buildings and premises shall be maintained in a condition that minimizes and controls the presence of rodents and other vermin.
[...]
“Vermin” shall mean rats, mice, cockroaches, bedbugs, flies, mosquitoes or any other pest as determined by the Director to be harmful to the life, health, or welfare of the public.
3. HUD NSPIRE, for HUD-assisted housing
NSPIRE, the National Standards for the Physical Inspection of Real Estate, is HUD's condition standard for HUD housing: public housing, HUD multifamily, and units in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) and Project-Based Voucher (PBV) programs. It does not apply to a market-rate apartment with no HUD assistance.
To ensure that all residents live in safe, habitable dwellings, the items and components located inside the building, outside the building, and within the units of HUD housing must be functionally adequate, operable, and free of health and safety hazards. The standards under this section apply to all HUD housing. [...]
The regulation mentions pests once, as “infestation” in a list of hazards:
The inside, outside and unit must be free of health and safety hazards that pose a danger to residents. Types of health and safety concerns include, but are not limited to carbon monoxide, electrical hazards, extreme temperature, flammable materials or other fire hazards, garbage and debris, handrail hazards, infestation, lead-based paint, mold, and structural soundness.
The standards for the condition of HUD housing in this section do not supersede State and local housing codes (such as fire, mechanical, plumbing, carbon monoxide, property maintenance, or residential code requirements).
Severity levels and correction times
The entity conducting the inspection shall identify each deficiency as “Life Threatening”, “Severe,” “Moderate”, or “Low.”
For public housing and HUD multifamily, the correction times are:
All Life-Threatening items must be corrected within 24 hours of receipt of notice of these items, unless HUD approves a variation. All Severe items must be corrected within 24 hours of receipt of notice, unless indicated otherwise within the individual inspection standards published in the Federal Register with notice and the opportunity for comment, or HUD approves a variation.
[...]
Moderate deficiencies must be corrected within thirty days and Low deficiencies must be corrected within sixty days, unless indicated otherwise within the individual inspection standards published in the Federal Register with notice and the opportunity for comment or within such other reasonable time prescribed by a HUD notice to the owner or PHA.
The NSPIRE Infestation Standard
The detail is in HUD's Infestation Standard, version 3.0, published August 11, 2023. It defines infestation as:
The presence of animals with potential impacts on resident health and safety.
The standard lists nine deficiencies. The deficiency names below are the standard's own. The severity and correction time columns apply to public housing and HUD multifamily. For HCV inspections, every one of these deficiencies is a Fail, with a 30-day correction time.
| # | Deficiency | Location | Severity | Correct within |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Evidence of cockroaches. | Unit, Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 2 | Extensive cockroach infestation. | Unit | Severe | 24 hours |
| 2 | Extensive cockroach infestation. | Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 3 | Evidence of bedbugs. | Unit, Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 4 | Extensive bedbug infestation. | Unit | Severe | 24 hours |
| 4 | Extensive bedbug infestation. | Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 5 | Evidence of mice. | Unit, Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 6 | Extensive mouse infestation. | Unit | Severe | 24 hours |
| 6 | Extensive mouse infestation. | Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 7 | Evidence of rats. | Unit, Inside, Outside | Moderate | 30 days |
| 8 | Extensive rat infestation. | Unit | Severe | 24 hours |
| 8 | Extensive rat infestation. | Inside | Severe | 24 hours |
| 9 | Evidence of other pests. | Unit, Inside | Moderate | 30 days |
Source: NSPIRE Infestation Standard, V3.0, Deficiencies 1–9. No infestation deficiency is rated Life-Threatening.
What “evidence” and “extensive” mean, in the standard's own words:
Evidence of cockroaches is found (i.e., a live or dead cockroach, shed skins, droppings, or egg cases).
[...]
Sighting of at least one live cockroach in two or more Units during a daytime surface visual assessment. OR Sighting of at least one live cockroach in two or more rooms in a Unit during a daytime surface visual assessment.
Evidence is present of pest infestation other than cockroaches, bed bugs, mice, or rats. This may include, but is not limited to, wasps/wasp nests or bees/beehives, squirrels or squirrel nests, birds, or bats. Pests are animals with potential impacts on resident health and safety.
Two inspector instructions in the same standard bear directly on pest control devices:
If there is a sticky pad or trap with a mouse on it, record a deficiency.
[...]
If there is a sticky pad or trap with a rat on it, record a deficiency.
A documented pest management plan counts as the correction
HUD has said that starting an appropriate, documented pest management plan within the correction timeframe meets the correction requirement, even if pests are still present when the plan starts.
HUD confirms that initiation of an appropriate pest management plan meets the requirement for correction, with the understanding that, while pests may still be present at the start of the pest management plan, they will be managed through the pest management plan. On-going implementation of an appropriate pest management plan (i.e., a pest management plan documented and initiated prior to the inspection) will also satisfy this condition. Within the correction timeframe, documentation must be provided for the pest management plan, and this documentation must include: start date of the plan; servicing schedule; methods of pest monitoring, managing and treatment; and other factors as determined by HUD, the PHA, and/or other relevant authority.
For Life-Threatening or Severe pest infestations, PHAs or POAs should identify a pest control inspector that is trained in Integrated Pest Management and initiate activities as described in PIH Notice 2007-12. HUD encourages Multifamily program properties to develop Integrated Pest Management plans to address pest infestation as described in Housing Notice 2012-5.
[...]
For Moderate, and Low Risk pest infestations, PHAs or POAs should follow HUD guidance cited in this notice and consider implementing IPM before the infestation expands.
When NSPIRE applies, by program
| Program | NSPIRE date |
|---|---|
| Public housing | July 1, 2023 |
| HUD multifamily | October 1, 2023 |
| Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) and Project-Based Voucher (PBV) | Compliance not required until February 1, 2027 |
This rule will be implemented in two phases. On July 1, 2023, Public Housing will transition to NSPIRE. On October 1, 2023, the Multifamily Housing programs, [...] will transition to NSPIRE.
HUD moved the voucher compliance date three times: to October 1, 2024, then October 1, 2025, then February 1, 2027. HUD's current notices:
This notice further extends the compliance date for HUD's National Standards for the Physical Inspection of Real Estate (NSPIRE) final rule for the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV), Project-Based Voucher (PBV), and Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation (Mod Rehab) programs through January 31, 2027.
PHAs may continue using HQS as previously defined or other HUD-approved inspection methods as their inspection standards until February 1, 2027.
A housing authority that has not moved to NSPIRE may still inspect under the older Housing Quality Standards. Their sanitary-condition text reads:
The dwelling unit and its equipment must be in sanitary condition.
[...]
The dwelling unit and its equipment must be free of vermin and rodent infestation.
4. Voucher units: HAP withholding and abatement
In the voucher programs, the housing authority pays the owner a housing assistance payment (HAP) for each assisted unit. The rules set out a sequence: written notice of the deficiency, a cure period, withholding or abatement, and then termination of the contract for that unit. The mechanism works unit by unit. None of these rules states a dollar amount.
If a deficiency is life-threatening, the owner must correct the deficiency within 24 hours of notification. For other deficiencies, the owner must correct the deficiency within 30 calendar days of notification (or any reasonable PHA-approved extension).
A PHA may withhold assistance payments for units that have HQS deficiencies once the PHA has notified the owner in writing of the deficiencies.
[...]
If the unit is brought into compliance during the applicable cure period (within 24 hours of notification for life-threatening deficiencies and within 30 days of notification (or other reasonable period established by the PHA) for non-life-threatening deficiencies), the PHA: (i) Must resume assistance payments; and (ii) Must provide assistance payments to cover the time period for which the assistance payments were withheld.
The PHA must abate the HAP, including amounts that had been withheld, if the owner fails to make the repairs within the applicable cure period (within 24 hours of notification for life-threatening deficiencies and within 30 days of notification (or other reasonable period established by the PHA) for non-life-threatening deficiencies).
[...]
If a PHA abates the assistance payments under this paragraph, the PHA must notify the family and the owner that it is abating payments and that if the unit does not meet HQS within 60 days (or a reasonable longer period established by the PHA) after the determination of noncompliance in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, the PHA will terminate the HAP contract for the unit, and the family will have to move if the family wishes to receive continued assistance.
An owner may not terminate the tenancy of any family due to the withholding or abatement of assistance under paragraph (a) of this section.
[...]
The PHA does not make any payments to the owner for the period of time that the payments were abated.
[...]
If the owner fails to make the repairs within 60 days (or a reasonable longer period established by the PHA) of the notice of abatement, the PHA must terminate the HAP contract.
This section is applicable to HAP contracts that were either executed on or after or renewed after June 6, 2024.
Project-based vouchers follow the same per-unit sequence, with one addition: the housing authority may abate payments for every unit on the contract.
The PHA must abate the HAP, including amounts that had been withheld, for the PBV unit with deficiencies if the owner fails to make the repairs within the applicable cure period (within 24 hours from notification for life-threatening deficiencies and within 30 days from notification (or other reasonable period established by the PHA) for non-life-threatening deficiencies).
[...]
The PHA may choose to abate payments for all units covered by the HAP contract due to a contract unit's noncompliance with the HQS, even if some of the contract units continue to meet HQS.
If the owner fails to make the repairs within 60 days (or a reasonable longer period established by the PHA) of the notice of abatement, the PHA must either remove the unit from the HAP contract or terminate the HAP contract in its entirety.
HUD's July 2026 voucher notice restates the enforcement duty and names pest infestation as a condition that may take time to control:
If a deficiency (LT, severe, or moderate) is not corrected within the required timeframe, the PHA must initiate Housing Assistance Payment (HAP) contract enforcement, which can include withholding or abatement of assistance payments, terminations, or relocations.
[...]
These noted conditions, lead-based paint, mold and moisture, and pest infestation may take a significant amount of time to permanently control. PHAs may consider the flexibilities provided by Notice PIH 2023-16/H 2023-07, or successor notices, when [...] allowing for certain, temporary corrections made by owners of voucher-assisted properties.
For HUD multifamily project-based Section 8 contracts, the regulation reserves HUD's remedies:
If HUD notifies the Owner that the Owner has failed to maintain a unit that is compliant with the requirements in 24 CFR part 5, subpart G, and the Owner fails to take corrective action within the time prescribed by notice, HUD may exercise any of its rights or remedies under the Contract, including abatement of housing assistance payments, even if the Family continues to occupy the unit.
5. Bed bug guidance from HUD and EPA
We found no Utah statute or state administrative rule specific to bed bugs in rental housing. The federal material below is guidance, and its reach is narrow. HUD's notice covers HUD-insured and HUD-assisted multifamily housing. HUD's clarification memo is aimed at HUD-assisted properties that use the HUD Model Lease for subsidized programs. A market-rate apartment with no HUD insurance or assistance is outside both. EPA's landlord page is general advice, not a rule.
HUD Housing Notice H 2012-5
In accordance with project Regulatory Agreements and Section 8 HAP Contracts, the housing must have no evidence of infestation.
[...]
HUD encourages Multifamily O/As to develop an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPM) to focus on preventing infestations.
[...]
The O/A should respond with urgency to tenant reports of infestations. The O/A should endeavor to take appropriate action within a reasonable time period.
HUD clarification memo (Model Lease properties)
Unless the owner can demonstrate that the infestation was caused by carelessness or neglect on the part of a resident(s), shifting cost of extermination to the resident is not acceptable.
[...]
When bedbugs are present, management must conduct regular inspections and exterminate.
[...]
Temporary relocation of a resident household for treatment is, generally, not required and, if necessary, should be a property cost.
EPA, What Landlords Need to Know about Bed Bugs
Find out what laws or regulations apply to your location. There could be reporting requirements, response requirements, etc.
[...]
Hire professionals who have documented experience in bed bug management and who use a comprehensive strategy (not just spraying pesticides).
[...]
Inspect promptly when bed bugs are reported.
[...]
Evaluate adjacent units for possible infestations.
[...]
Actively monitor treated units to ensure that all of the bed bugs have been killed.
6. What this means for a property manager
- If your property has no HUD assistance, NSPIRE does not govern it (24 CFR 5.703(a)). Your pest duties come from the Fit Premises Act's habitability and sanitation language and from your local board of health's rules.
- In Salt Lake County, Health Regulation #3 makes the owner or manager “responsible for the control of vermin on the premises” (§4.1.6), and vermin includes cockroaches and bedbugs (§2.34). Under Health Regulation #7, the Director “may require that a landlord or tenant obtain professional pest control”.
- Residents carry duties too: keep the unit “in a clean and safe condition” (57-22-5(1)), and in Salt Lake County, allow the owner or manager “access to the dwelling unit at reasonable times upon proper notification” (§4.2.3).
- For HUD housing, HUD accepts the start of a documented pest management plan as the correction. The documentation must include the plan's start date, the servicing schedule, and the methods of pest monitoring, managing, and treatment (88 FR 40832).
- Under NSPIRE, an inspector who finds “a sticky pad or trap with a mouse on it” or a rat on it records a deficiency.
- For a voucher unit, a deficiency not corrected within the cure period means the housing authority must abate that unit's HAP, and payments for the abated period are not made up (24 CFR 982.404(d)). For project-based vouchers, the housing authority “may choose to abate payments for all units covered by the HAP contract” (24 CFR 983.208(d)(2)(ii)).
Common questions
Does Utah's Fit Premises Act require landlords to control pests?
The Act does not use the words pest, insect, rodent, vermin, bed bug, or infestation. It requires an owner to maintain each unit “in a condition fit for human habitation and in accordance with local ordinances and the rules of the board of health having jurisdiction” (Utah Code 57-22-3(1)), and not to rent premises “unless they are safe, sanitary, and fit for human occupancy” (Utah Code 57-22-4(1)(a)).
Who is responsible for pest control in a Salt Lake County apartment?
Salt Lake County Health Regulation #3 (as amended January 4, 2007), section 4.1.6: “An owner or manager of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall be responsible for the control of vermin on the premises.” The regulation defines vermin as “rats, mice, cockroaches, bedbugs, mosquitoes or any other pest as determined by the Director to be harmful to the life, health, or welfare of the public.”
How long does a HUD property have to correct a pest deficiency under NSPIRE?
Under the NSPIRE Infestation Standard (V3.0), evidence of cockroaches, bedbugs, mice, rats, or other pests is a Moderate deficiency with a 30-day correction timeframe. An extensive infestation in a unit is Severe, with a 24-hour correction timeframe, for public housing and multifamily. For HCV inspections the correction timeframe is 30 days. HUD states that “initiation of an appropriate pest management plan meets the requirement for correction” (88 FR 40832).
When do Housing Choice Voucher properties have to meet NSPIRE?
HUD Notice PIH 2026-18 (July 15, 2026) states: “PHAs may continue using HQS as previously defined or other HUD-approved inspection methods as their inspection standards until February 1, 2027.”
What happens to HAP if a voucher unit's deficiency is not corrected?
Under 24 CFR 982.404(d), “The PHA must abate the HAP, including amounts that had been withheld, if the owner fails to make the repairs within the applicable cure period” and “The PHA does not make any payments to the owner for the period of time that the payments were abated.” For project-based vouchers, “The PHA may choose to abate payments for all units covered by the HAP contract due to a contract unit's noncompliance with the HQS” (24 CFR 983.208(d)(2)(ii)).
Walk Your Community With a Board Certified Entomologist
A free, no-obligation property walk led by a Board Certified Entomologist. Bring your questions about these rules and about your current pest program.
Sources
- Utah Code Title 57, Chapter 22, Utah Fit Premises Act: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter22/57-22.html
- Utah Code 57-22-3, Duties of owners and renters, generally: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter22/57-22-S3.html
- Utah Code 57-22-4, Owner's duties: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter22/57-22-S4.html
- Utah Code 57-22-5, Renter's duties: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter22/57-22-S5.html
- Utah Code 57-22-6, Renter remedies: https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title57/Chapter22/57-22-S6.html
- Salt Lake County Health Department, Regulations: https://www.saltlakecounty.gov/health/regulations/
- Salt Lake County Health Regulation #3, Housing (amended January 4, 2007): https://www.saltlakecounty.gov/globalassets/1-site-files/health/regulations/regulation-pdfs/housing.pdf
- Salt Lake County Health Regulation #7, General Sanitation (amended March 1, 2007): https://www.saltlakecounty.gov/globalassets/1-site-files/health/regulations/regulation-pdfs/sanitation.pdf
- 24 CFR 5.703, National standards for the condition of HUD housing: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-A/part-5/subpart-G/section-5.703
- 24 CFR 5.705, Inspection requirements: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-A/part-5/subpart-G/section-5.705
- 24 CFR 5.711, Scoring, ranking criteria, and appeals: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-A/part-5/subpart-G/section-5.711
- HUD NSPIRE Infestation Standard, V3.0 (published 08/11/23): https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/PIH/documents/NSPIRE-Standard-Infestation_20230811.pdf
- HUD NSPIRE standards index: https://www.hud.gov/reac/nspire-standards
- 88 FR 40832, NSPIRE Inspection Standards (June 22, 2023): https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-06-22/html/2023-13293.htm
- Notice PIH 2023-16/H 2023-07, NSPIRE Administrative Procedures (June 30, 2023): https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/OCHCO/documents/2023-16pihn.pdf
- 88 FR 30442, NSPIRE final rule (May 11, 2023): https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-05-11/html/2023-09693.htm
- 90 FR 46911, Extension of NSPIRE compliance date for HCV, PBV, and Mod Rehab (September 30, 2025): https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-09-30/html/2025-19070.htm
- Notice PIH 2026-18, NSPIRE Administrative Procedures for Voucher Programs (July 15, 2026): https://www.hud.gov/sites/default/files/PIH/documents/PIH-2026-18.pdf
- 24 CFR 982.401, as in effect September 1, 2023 (HQS as previously defined): https://www.ecfr.gov/on/2023-09-01/title-24/section-982.401
- 24 CFR 982.404, Maintenance: owner and family responsibility; PHA remedies: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-B/chapter-IX/part-982/subpart-I/section-982.404
- 24 CFR 983.208, Condition of contract units: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-B/chapter-IX/part-983/subpart-F/section-983.208
- 24 CFR 886.123, Maintenance, operation, and inspections: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-24/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-886/subpart-A/section-886.123
- HUD Notice H 2012-5, Guidelines on Addressing Infestations in HUD-insured and Assisted Multifamily Housing: https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/12-05hsgn.pdf
- HUD, Clarification to Housing Notice H 2012-5: https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/Housing/documents/ClarificationofHousingNoticeH2012_05.pdf
- US EPA, What Landlords Need to Know about Bed Bugs: https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/what-landlords-need-know-about-bed-bugs